Archive for the Bird Banding Category

A (Photographic) Year in Review

Posted in Bird Banding, Birding, Birds, Borneo, California, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon, Eastern Washington, Field Work, Fire Ecology, Indonesia, Kao Yai National Park, Malaysia, Natural History, Orangutan, Oregon, Pak Thale, Plants, Road Tripping, Science, Seattle, Southeast Asia, Spoon-billed Sandpiper, Sumatra, Thailand, United States, Washington, Western Forests with tags , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , on January 20, 2012 by Brendan McGarry

It’s been a year since I left for an adventure in Southeast Asia. With the extremely tardy completion of a small book I made for those who supported my Kickstarter campaign for the trip, I started feeling like I’d never be on the road again. Modern expectations, the realities of money, and my desire to be a part of a stable community all seemed to be working against me, pulling me down. Yet, instead of dragging myself down the anguished path of the grounded traveler, I decided that some careful reflection was in order.

This year I’ve been a lot of places, there’s no doubt. From the temperate land I call home to the Asian tropics. To the crest of the Sierras and down to the Great Basin. Consciously or subconsciously, mountains played an undeniable role in my explorations. I was in the the shrub steppe of Steens Mountain in Oregon, the forests and alpine of Mt. Lassen in California and Mt. Rainier in Washington, the elfin evergreens of Doi Inthanon in Thailand, eruption scarred Gunung Sibayak in Sumatra, and the ancient oaks and tree ferns of Gunung Kinabalu in Borneo. In my home I wound through the high desert of interior western North America, the temperate rainforest of the Pacific Northwest coast, the snow of the Cascade range, and the mosaic of forests in the Sierra Nevada. Abroad I traipsed the lowland rainforests of Borneo and clambered about the monsoonal forests of Thailand. I drove to the summit of Doi Inthanon, the tallest mountain in Thailand, and hiked halfway up to the tallest mountain in Southeast Asia, Gunung Kinabalu.

I was captivated by small natural wonders in my own backyard (literally) and stood in awe of a bull elephant thousands of miles away. Birds were held, eyes were met with Orangutans. Animal and plant life always figure highly in my explorations, communities shaped by the landscapes I learned in my wend.

That’s the key. My excitement and passion for this world result from a desire to learn. Curiosity rules my spirit, anyone reading Wingtrip will know that.

Below I’ve compiled a long (yet also very punctuated) series of images from my year in the natural world. If you are curious about the stories behind them please ask or follow a few of the links I’ve provided above (unfortunately, through a flaw in the program I upload photos to Flickr with, literally hundreds of the photos in other entries linked to above are not visible right on wingtrip though still on Flickr – when I have time to sit down to this arduous task, it’ll be fixed). There’s so much worth working to save, these images should remind us all of that.

In short, I’ve got nothing to complain about. I hope you enjoy these shots. May you all have a fruitful year of discovery.

Post Fire, Post Season

Posted in Bird Banding, Birding, Birds, California, Field Biology, Fire Ecology, Migration, Natural History, Plants, Science, Sierra Nevadas, United States, Western Forests on August 31, 2011 by Brendan McGarry

Seasons are built to move fast. Drag yourself through the early mornings for months, but one day wake to realize you’ve missed beating the sunrises, standing in still, frosty mornings, trunks towering, grass glistening. Nothing envelops being like the quiet of a morning chorus with humanity pulled into the forgotten depths by nature.

The Northern Sierras came and went for me. The flash and chortle of a half recognized woodpecker, gone before I could acknowledge or even take the time to appreciate it. Some of us drift off to another adventure, perpetuating our desire to never step off the path. The foolhardiest drift back to flip-side of their duality, almost immediately longing for the woods. To the sweat. To the bugs. To the endless summer.

There are plenty of unfortunate aspects of being a field biologist. Few jobs have benefits or pay a reliable, constant, livable wage. Most involve exertion at indecent hours of the day in unpleasant conditions. Those of us who love being outdoors can easily forget all of this when something momentous happens. Three years ago I came upon a Coyote and her den; two pups eying me with the thinly veiled curiosity of domestic puppies. Everything I could ever dream up to complain about became irrevocably inconsequential for weeks.

So, it was a good season, it was a bad season. The weather was shit for a month, we battled late snow, worried about endless salvage logging, washed out roads, and illegal pot farms. Getting home, I can easily forgive and forget. This was a good job, benign, well paying. Unlike the multitude of projects out there that never make a dent despite the funds they wield, we collected data that actually contributes to the guidance of forest management. Without sounding too sentimental or jingoistic, the Western forests are one of America’s best renewable resources. Being a part of something like this is plain sensible, as opposed to helping a graduate student study something that might soon become a forgotten paper or deemed superfluous by a body of their peers or superiors. (A myriad of valuable studies exists and I’m lucky to know some fine young scientists driving them, but that said, there’s a lot of crap too. Sorry, it’s true).

Eight species of woodpeckers were focal to our work in these burnt Sierra peaks and valleys. Two more were occasionally noted. This is astounding when you recognize there are only twenty-one (extant) woodpeckers in the entire United States and Canada. Seen regularly in appropriate habitats, one begins to maneuver alongside their behaviors. Taciturn parents on eggs, wildly frenetic when feeding young. Some birds you never figure out or before you’ve realized it, they give you the slip.

The two Red-breasted Sapsuckers quarreling in stubborn willows, cut by a derelict skid road, seemingly with nothing better to do besides play chicken on narrow branches and gape absurdly at one another for thirty minutes. The White-headed Woodpeckers that carried food away but always avoided my careful observations. As soon as I learned something I was humbled by how little I’d gathered.

I wasn’t the best out there. One of our goals was to find cavity use, more data points are better. I found the least nests in use this year. During a second time around most self-respecting individuals look to improve. This wasn’t all for lack of effort (don’t believe a damned word they tell you), maybe I’m just not good at finding nests. Yet, I understand fires, the Northern Sierras, woodpeckers, and forest management better than ever.

Seasons run their course and at the end you half wish they’d continue. I probably won’t go back and live in Meadow Valley, California despite my admiration for this sleepy town. Before the season began, I crouched in the murky depths of springtime in the Pacific Northwest and plotted all the things I would do. Half of those things never happened, surprise events irrupting instead, one’s that I’ll cherish. Look at me, I’m so bloody sentimental that I’m thinking about going back in ten years to see what the burns all look like.

A seasonal study terminates when you can no longer collect good data on the focus of your study. In our case, once the male birds have provided their paternal input, via a cuckolding copulation or a devoted pair bond, they have no need for those heavy gonads and they dissapate. No hormones flowing and cock AMRO (American Robin) ceases the demented singing in the inky hours before other sensible diurnal animals believe in consciousness. What I’m saying in so many words, is that most birds cannot afford to sing year round. In temperate climes most don’t need to continue to hold a territory because they are snowbirding in the tropics, the land of plenty. The few that stick around are generally a reasonable lot and don’t bother. The MacGillivray’s Warblers I saw in desperate struggle for their adjoining territories stop caring once they’ve cemented their parental deals with a cloacal kiss, squirted out some nestlings of dubious patrilineage, and fattened up to fly to Guatemala.

Eventually we can’t find any active nests. We don’t know what birds are about because half of them aren’t making a peep. If we waited too long, the ones around might not be resident birds anyway, but ones in post breeding dispersal leaving the breeding grounds. Outliers exist and some birds keep singing even when we’ve stopped listening, but the real silence sets by the mid August. I returned home to Seattle only to the resident Bewick’s Wrens and Steller’s Jays hacking up over their lilac bush dynasties, their post forest slums, keeping them perpetually intact.

To finish up we banded those dispersing birds for a week. Verdant high meadows usher the birds of Western lands on their way to maturity and to the off season. Gathered with some of our nomadic ilk on the way to our off season, we touched some birds, gave them jewelery, and sent them on their way. Ring em and fling em.

Don’t believe what a satisfied field technician spouts about enjoying being a scientist or practicing method. That’s all a big hog’s wallow of nonsense. Sure we may be competent, some may even become visionaries for the future of their fields. The best of the best still are just curious, relishing the smell of sun baked Ponderosa while they spy on a Pileated Woodpecker grubbing away rectangular scars in a great decaying snag. Don’t be fooled. We’re all just a bunch of kids that couldn’t wait for our parents to kick us outside. No, no, they couldn’t find us because we’d already stole off to the bushes, watching the world turn.

Interview: Ben Freeman and a Spine of Papua Biodiversity Pt. 2

Posted in Bird Banding, Birds, Conservation, Environmentalism, Field Work, Interview, Natural History, Papua New Guinea, Science with tags , , , , , , , , , on November 18, 2010 by Brendan McGarry

Brendan McGarry: I’m guessing that you were working hard for a short period of time and that was about it – did you have any time for recreating or was it just eat, sleep, work?

Ben Freeman: We were pretty regimented due to the amount of work we had to do. It was a busy schedule, but we took a couple days off towards the end of the trip to let workers hike back to their villages for Sunday breaks — their day of rest, church time etc — and to do laundry, sleep etc.  So it was eat, sleep, work but on a given day the work came in patches; the nets were most active in the morning and much of the midday was usually fairly relaxed; we’d all stretch out if it was sunny and make little dens of ferns to sleep on (fern stay dry and make good bedding).

BM: Did you spend any time interacting with ‘locals’?

BF: Yup. All the time. Everything we did was thanks to the hard work of our workers and porters. PNG is famous for its linguistic diversity — over 700 languages spoken on the island — but everyone uses an English-based creole language called Tok Pisin to communicate. So we tried to learn Tok Pisin and tell stories of life in America while the local guys tried to teach us Tok Pisin and tell us stories about village life and hunting trips to the bush (the “bush” being the forest, or anywhere that is not a human-dominated landscape).

BM: What were your favorite species while you were there?  Avian or otherwise.

BF: The birds of paradise were of course fantastic; I think we saw a total of seven species. But among the many many exciting and wonderful birds, I think I was most taken with the Papuan Hornbill. We first encountered this lowland bird at the 900 m camp; I heard incredibly loud wingbeats and looked up into a small sky gap to see two large elongated dark shapes pass high overhead. I don’t think I’ve ever been so confused as to what type of bird I had just seen. I was considering eagles, cranes, all sorts of crazy possibilities, when Casti — one of the head CI fieldworkers — told us they were hornbills. Wow. We later were able to watch them closely in feeding trees, in groups of a dozen or more, and I remained captivated by them. So prehistoric; a huge bird with a wingbeat audible from hundreds of meters away…

BM: Give us an idea of the diversity – what is your take on the avifauna there and the general wealth of biodiversity.  New Guinea has a reputation.

BF: Tropical humid forests contain the majority of terrestrial vertebrate diversity on Earth, and this diversity is especially pronounced in tropical mountains, as the bird communities (and plants, and mammals etc etc) completely change as you change elevation. For example, the birds we observed at 2400 m were 100% different from the birds we observed at 200 m. This kind of diversity is emotionally exciting, perhaps especially to biologists, but also I think to most people. There are just so many species, and you consistently find new species at a given site, even after two or three full days. It’s a bit like being in a candy store — the candy store is emotionally exciting because of its tremendous diversity — different candies everywhere you look! It wouldn’t be as intriguing if the whole store was just full of tootsie rolls…So I think diversity in and of itself is stimulating, certainly to biologists, and PNG is certainly home to a huge amount of biodiversity.   It’s also the biggest expanse of tropical forest left in SE Asia. PNG’s forests have numerous threats — massive logging and mining projects run by foreign multinationals – but so much of it is so remote that it seems a promising place for conservation actions that also have strong social benefits, like the YUS project.

BM: Did you see evidence impacts from climate change or other human influences in the places you visited?

BF: We were told that people could now grow coconut palms at higher elevations than they could historically. If true, this would likely be a direct result of climate change. The human influences are pretty obvious — the areas around villages are mostly cut and serve as gardens to grow food. But they also plant coffee (often shade) and cacao (for chocolate) as cash crops. Imagine the difficulties in getting product to market though! carrying 40 kg bags of dried coffee beans 3 hours by hand to a place where a small plane can take it to a central processing location!  Perhaps the most interesting human impact on the landscape for me was the existence of large montane grasslands. These grasslands have existed for (likely) thousands of years, and are a result of repeated fires set by people. People like these grasslands, as they are a good home for wild pigs, which are hunted for meat. And, more generally, people worldwide like to live in an open landscape…

BM: What were some challenges of the work?

BF: It was obviously very remote. One big challenge was finding water, and enough of it. The local guys drank very little, but I need a gallon or so of drinking water per day when I’m working in a hot, humid environment. Plus water for cooking, washing dishes and at least a little bit of bathing. Finding water was surprisingly hard — at one field camp the nearest flowing water was 45 minutes hard walk downhill! We’ll just say we went easy on the bathing at this camp… Luckily the lowland field camps generally had small rivers nearby to bathe in daily.

BM: What’s next?  Where are you now? What’s in your future?

BF: I’m now starting a Ph.D program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at Cornell University. Alexa finished her Ph.D. in ecology at Virginia Tech in December 2009, she’s writing grants to get a post-doc studying reproductive physiology of birds. I’m hoping to study the diversity of tropical mountains for my dissertation (possibly in PNG, possibly in the Andes); why are elevational distributions so narrow in the tropics?

Interview: Ben Freeman and a Spine of Papua Biodiversity Pt. 1

Posted in Bird Banding, Birds, Conservation, Environmentalism, Field Work, Interview, Natural History, Papua New Guinea, Science with tags , , , , on November 17, 2010 by Brendan McGarry

Just in case you didn’t snicker enough in the last interview that my initials are BM, here’s another, equally fascinating and envy inspiring conversation. A benefit of starting out young as a birder is that it’s a small world.  You inevitably meet some people who are headed amazing directions.  Ben Freeman is another ornithologically inclined acquaintance on the way to big things.  He recently returned from work in Papua New Guinea and is in his first year of graduate school at Cornell.  Surprisingly enough he has very similar interests to Ben Winger. Let’s be honest though, tropical mountains are riveting in so many ways.  Enjoy!

Brendan McGarry: First of all – where specifically did you go and what was the purpose of this trip?  Give us a little background of how you ended up in Papua New Guinea.

Ben Freeman: I went to the Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province; a nubby peninsula in NE PNG. The Huon contains the Finisterre, Saruwaged and one other mountain range, all of which contain peaks that top out at or around 4,000 m. These are all young mountain ranges — I think the main uplift has occurred in the past couple million years. The island of New Guinea has a mountainous backbone that runs down the center of the island, completely surrounded by islands. There are many outlying mountain ranges, but few as high as the ranges on the Huon. The Huon’s combination of many large, tall mountain ranges and isolation is a classic recipe for endemism; any montane species that somehow arrive to the Huon’s mountains are isolated due to the intervening lowlands and essentially on their own evolutionary trajectories. Given enough time, these forms evolve significant differences and are classified as species endemic to the Huon (but with a close relative in the Central ranges). Huon endemics include three endemic birds of paradise, an endemic bowerbird, an endemic tree kangaroo, and many others. So that is a very brief history of the Huon Peninsula and why it is cool from a zoology perspective.

 

The Tree Kangaroo Conservation Project (TKCP) headquartered at the Woodland Park Zoo (in Seattle, WA) has been working on bottom-up conservation on the Huon Peninsula for over a decade. Their efforts have led to the creation of the YUS Conservation Area, over 150,000 hectares of land set aside for conservation by local landowners. Many ethnic groups and dozens of villages exist within the YUS Conservation Area. TKCP is working on helping YUS communities in their economic development, education and access to medicine.

 

Recently, a Conservation International (CI) team headed by Dr. Bruce Beehler, a top ornithologist and conservation biologist who works in PNG, won a grant from the German-funded LifeWeb initiative to study the impacts of climate change on tropical plants and animals. The general goal is to complete detailed field surveys of plants and animals in the YUS ecosystem along an elevational gradient — from sea level to over 3,000 m — and compare the datasets these surveys generate with historical transects, to see if plants and animals have shifted their ranges to higher elevations in response to climate change. These generated datasets will also provide excellent benchmarks for future studies of plant/animal distributions in relation to climate change in the coming years/decades.

 

Alexandra Class and I were hired by Dr. Beehler to perform mist-net bird surveys at eight field camps, located between 200 m and 2400 m (approx every 350 vertical m). Future work will extend the transect to 3,100 m, and the mist-net data will be combined with Dr. Beehler’s audiovisual surveys to quantitatively estimate bird distributions along this elevational gradient.

 

BM: Describe a typical day for us, the environment, etc.

 

BF: PNG is a different world. To arrive to our field site within the YUS ecosystem, we hopped into a small “bush” plane in the city of Lae and buzzed over the mountain tops, eventually landing on the grass airstrip in Sapwanga village. The flight took only 45 minutes and traveled just 70 km, but the difference between take-off and landing was acute. Sapwanga’s only transportation is a weekly flight from Lae; the one general store is irregularly stocked at best, there is no electricity, and people eat what they grow in their “gardens” and get water from nearby streams for cooking, drinking, washing and bathing. Meals are cooked using firewood. There are footpaths that traverse the mountains, but Lae would be over a 4 day hike away.  And Sapwanga was a regional hub, the location of the valley’s school and therefore much better connected to the outside world. From Sapmanga we hiked for three hours to the village of Gomdon, local porters carrying all our supplies, including enough food to feed six people for two months (Alexa, myself and a rotating cast of four workers). After organizing in Gomdon, we bought local produce, organized porters and workers, and hiked 6 hours up to the ridgeline that formed our elevational transect, to our first field camp. Field camps consist of a central A-frame built with machetes, using saplings for support and vines to lash the structure together. Several large blue plastic tarps formed the roof — this space was our storeroom, kitchen, dining room and sleeping space for the workers, about 30 feet long by 20 feet wide by 15 feet tall… Each field camp had an outhouse and a flattened space for researchers to set up tents.

Daily chores consisted of fetching water (sometimes involved a 30 minute one-way trip to the water source!), cleaning dishes, cooking meals, and most importantly, mist-netting birds. At each site we made a 1 km trail that followed the elevational contour (e.g. the 2420 m transect stayed at or around 2420 m.a.s.l for its entirety), and set up 36 mist nets along this trail, along with a small A-frame with benches and a tarped roof for processing birds. It took one day of hard work to make the transect trail and set up nets. We used saplings for poles. We then mist-netted from dawn to dusk for three days at each site, Alexa, myself and four workers patrolling the net lines and taking out any birds that we caught. We measured, weighed and photographed the birds we caught. After three days at a site, we collected our nets, packed up our gear, and walked downhill to the next field camp.

 

We’ll conclude the interview tomorrow – there was just too much good stuff to talk about!

 

Migration!

Posted in Bird Banding, Birds, Conservation, Current Events, Environmentalism, Migration, Natural History, Science, Seattle, United States, Washington on September 19, 2010 by Brendan McGarry
Migration happens once every year.  And then again maybe 6 months later.

Really it depends on an number of factors, but around here, starting in late July and extending through late September many birds are on the move away from their breeding grounds.  Some are merely altitudinal migrants, descending when the weather turns fowl in the mountains.  But a large number undertake a twice yearly journey that can span continents and oceans.  Raptors let thermals carry them much of the way, songbirds power through with the help of highways of wind, and seabirds harness the oceanic air streams.  A few of the many reasons birds are on the move is to avoid harsh weather and often more accurately  to take advantage of seasonal or episodic food sources that good weather brings, particularly in temperate clines.  There are migratory birds in every place on earth and the reasons, methods, and extremities are as diverse as the species that practice.

This phenomenon is inherently mystical, fascinating, and curious for humans.  After all, with the rare modern exceptions of hunter gatherers that follow seasonal food sources, we don’t migrate.  However, for millennia those of us in the Northern Hemisphere noticed when our vibrant sprouts begin to push up, we begin seeing swallows again; by the time the major harvests began, the field grew quiet once more.

Ancient Greeks believed absent swallows burrowed underground.

These journeys often defy our concepts of reality.  Discussions about the record holder long distant migrants shifted from the Arctic Tern (flying from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica), to the Bar-tailed Godwit (flying from the Alaska to New Zealand), to the Sooty Shearwater (Northern Hemisphere to Southern), and back again.  The Bar-tailed Godwit is held to be longest non-stop migrant  some flying about 7,000 miles in one go without any dilly dallying (they fly over water and cannot float!).  Sooty Shearwaters and Arctic Terns have both been recorded in distances exceeding 30,000 miles.  In 2006 Sooty Shearwaters broke the record for the longest distance animal migration at around 40,000 miles, making a figure 8 tour between North and South Pacific each migration.  2010 research results on Arctic Terns showed them travelings in excess of 40,000 miles in their year of travel.  (all this knowledge is a result of bird banding and lightweight radio tags).  Seabirds certainly make some of the most spectacular hauls and spend a lot of time preparing for it, allowing for around 50 percent of their body weight to store fat reserves.

Here in the Puget Sound, many of our migrants are songbirds bound for the Neotropics.  They are the reason people buy Shade Grown Coffee, because they winter in places in Mexico or Central America that produce coffee and would otherwise cut down forests to grow it.  Equally astounding is their travel, which may start as far as Alaska or Northern Canada or may be a bird that reared young in your backyard in Seattle, but will end in some instances as far South as Panama.  Not only that, but it is done largely at night!

Although it seems odd that diurnal, typically terrestrial species are flying high in the sky at night, there are some very logical admissions it allows for.  The normal predators, who would be almost impossible to avoid in high in the open during the day, are asleep.  Secondly, although birds fuel up before they leave, stops are necessary for food and water which they cannot do at night.  Finally, the most interesting part is that they are using the stars to navigate!  We long pondered how many birds were migrating at night until a technique using an instrument called an Emlen Funnel was invented in 1966 (follow the link to learn how it works).

Go out on a still night during migration and you can hear the calls of migrating songbirds.  In the city, even above the noise of urban life, they are audible.  Residing in the suburbs or away from busy roadways, one can hear hundreds, even thousands, of individuals representing dozens of species (with a bit of practice you can start to differentiate).  Some enthusiasts actually set up their own recording devices and use programs to sort and count what flew over each night.  Cornell Lab of Ornithology embarked on research doing exactly this, but on a larger scale along the Eastern Seaboard allowing for studies both on reasons for nocturnal flight calls and on population dynamics.

While these birds are on the move, they face many threats, not the least of which is the human influence.  Our massive buildings and lights confuse birds in nightly migration.  New York City’s light kill an estimated 10,000 birds a year.  We destroy habitat not only at both ends of travel, but demolish their stop overs along the way.  In short, these amazing travelers not only have the sheer obstacles of the elements, predators, and distance to come up against, but humans as well.  Research allows us to understand this phenomenon but it also helps us evaluate how we can alter our ways to benefit birds.

What brought this diatribe about?  This week, meteorologist and northwest weather expert Cliff Mass , posted a blog entry with fantastic Doppler Radar images showing birds nocturnally moving over the Puget Sound area.  There are a lot and they are moving south!

Migration is something we still don’t fully understand and this article is just the tip of the iceberg on this fascinating subject.  If you are interested in learning more I’d recommend Scott Weidensaul’s popular account,  Living On the Wind: Across the Hemisphere With Migratory Birds.  We are luck to have some amazing technologies from sound recordings, radar imaging, and light weight radio tags to help us imagine an otherworldly behavior.

Photo Blast: Cactus Wren

Posted in Arizona, Bird Banding, Birding, Mexico, Navopatia Field Station, Sonora, Southeastern Arizona, United States on September 19, 2010 by Brendan McGarry

The Cactus Wren is the state bird of Arizona, but that is probably the least interesting of designations.  More importantly it is also a member of one of the largest genera of wrens Campylorhynchus, dominating both in size and number of species (the largest, Giant Wren is a congener).  One can also infer that it is a desert obligate, only living in Northern Mexico and the Southern US.   It by far the largest wren in the United States, by several inches, and also the only representative of the genus here.  They make great stashes of domed nests in Cholla Cactus, are easily spotted on a stroll through the scrub.  Common, inquisitive birds, that spout an iconic wavering, churring call, as the rain has picked up in Seattle I’ve had dreams about them and their domain.

Summer Ornithology

Posted in Bird Banding, Birds, Conservation, Environmentalism, Field Work, Natural History, Oregon, Plants, Science on September 7, 2010 by Simone Lupson-Cook

As the nighthawks fly with lazy yet determined wing beats I know the road to Hart Mountain is approaching. I’ve been greeted by nighthawks here before. I watch them as I turn onto Hart Mountain Road and consider them my welcome home as they wheel in the fading light.

The Warner Wetlands, at the base of Hart Mountain, host many birds and through my binoculars I see a line  of American Avocets, their heads tucked into their backs. I don’t stop long. The excitement of returning to Hart Mountain every summer never diminishes. The drive to our camp in Robinson Draw, inside the refuge, takes me past rocky outcroppings, a sea of sage, grasses and snowberry and a small, wary herd of pronghorns. Songbirds flush from the shrubs on the side of the road as my car bumps over the washboard road. The landscapes here look, from afar, as though they are perhaps devoid of life. You can see no trees as you approach Hart. But to think that this area and this habitat have nothing to offer would be a tragic assumption.

My ornithology professor, Dr. Steve G. Herman, has been bringing students here for 25 years. This place is special, even sacred. The draw, with its grove of aspens and the willows dotting the base, are home to countless birds from diminutive Brewer’s Sparrows to Long-eared Owls and Sage Grouse. Although I am a visitor in this landscape I feel a strong connection to it. Does this feeling of connection root in the fact that I have held this draw’s birds in my hands? Looked them in the eye and after close scrutiny been able to determine their age, sex, and even if they were recently warming eggs under their bellies? Perhaps this connection is because a tiny piece of the mystery of this place has been revealed in my hands. Looking into a thick wall of aspens with a spring running though it and tall, lush green grass below, I see great potential for discovery and exploration. To me the chance to explore a patch of habitat like this, in this unique wilderness holds more opportunities for excitement than most I can think of.

Perhaps what I love most about Hart is the pulse of life seemingly indifferent to the outside world. Yes, there are people here (and there used to be cows and sheep) but I imagine Hart (and other areas of southeast Oregon) as an increasingly rare example of  a place in the lower 48 that is much the same as it was 500, 1000, 2000 years ago.

As I write below a juniper on the hill overlooking the other side of Robinson Draw, a chipmunk scolds me from around the trunk. The wind blowing through the juniper branches sounds deeper, more fierce than it really is. Beaty’s Butte rises in the distance, fluffy cumulus clouds throw their shadows at her base, and the scattered Mountain Mahoganies conjure images of Africa, though I have never been.

Of what importance is a place like this? I suppose for some, there is none. But for the countless students who have come to this place to learn about it and its birds, the answers are obvious. As you hold a Pacific-slope Flycatcher in your hand, feel its heart beat, see the whiskery feathers that surround its bill, you are changed. Students may enter this classroom, with its walls of aspens and carpets of grass and daisies, knowing nothing about birds. By the end of three weeks here, if they have absorbed the cascade of information coming at them daily, they can tell you intricate details of plumage, condition, age, sex, and molt of a variety of bird species.

Here on Hart coyote song greets you in the morning. The call of a poorwill mingles with the sound of banjos and voices, becoming background to your dreams. A few lanterns glow through the aspens as dusk settles and tents are filled with laughter and the murmur of voices retelling of the discoveries of owl pellets, bird nests, and sapsucker wells.

As I sit under my juniper tree, a female Northern Harrier patrols the canopy of her sagebrush forest and the magic and beauty of Hart Mountain continues untouched and unnoticed by the majority of people.


Hart Mountain National Antelope Wildlife Refuge is located in far South Eastern Oregon. At 278,000 acres, it is one of the largest expanses of shrub steppe habitat free of domestic cattle. Dr. Steve Herman of the Evergreen State College, has been taking students here to learn to band birds, find an appreciation for the high desert, and live in a remote field camp since 1985. Simone and Brendan were both previous students and teaching assistants and are consequentially life long devotees to the landscape.

Photo Blast #3: Guess Who.

Posted in Bird Banding, Birds, Field Work, Natural History, Science, Uncategorized, United States on May 20, 2010 by Brendan McGarry

Looks can be deceiving.  If you showed me this photo of a Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), there’s a good chance I’d say it was a female.  For all intensive purposes, it does appear to be of the fairer gender.  But there’s a hint that should give the expert pause.  The gape, as in the bit of skin at the base of the bill, looks rather prominent, suggesting a young bird.  Do you really know that it’s a female if this is a young bird?

This is a little window into how bird banding works.  You start with your presumed knowledge and then, if you’re good, try to falsify your hypothesis on species, age, sex, etc.  (To be clear, when you catch birds to band, it’s not just to hold a bird and take pictures of them, you are recording data).  It’s actually a very fun process.

As it turned out this bird was a young male.  A bit of hunting in his coverts and we found the beginnings of his “red-wing” and black feathers were pushing up through his breast plumage.  Females are significantly smaller than males also, but without thinking of wing length or weight it’d be easy to make a base assumption and go with it.   In the case of a blackbird where size is significant this would be important because a band for a female bird wouldn’t fit properly on a male, it could even be dangerous.

This photo was taken on Shelldon National Wildlife Refuge in Northwestern Nevada at a place called Badger Camp.  Although it was late July in Nevada, banding birds here was fantastic, particularly because of the creek that ran right through.  Birds came in from all over for water including Western Scrub Jays ( or this blackbird) that you wouldn’t associate with the scrub steppe or grasslands that predominated the landscape.

Mexico Part 2 – Desert Banding

Posted in Bird Banding, Conservation, Field Work, Mexico, Natural History, Navopatia Field Station, Sonora on March 8, 2010 by Brendan McGarry

Once I’ve found a routine for early mornings, I happily adhere to them, especially to see some birds close!  Bird banding dictates early mornings for several reasons.  Birds are more active on cool mornings in hot clines.  Setting up nets at daybreak means birds don’t see nets being set up by loud clumsy apes and can avoid them. Finally banding birds in the heat of the day is dangerous for them because they are put in a stressful situation without food or water.  This final reason is the calculated risk taken to gather important data and responsible banders will cancel readily.

Our first foggy morning the crew was supposed to be out netting birds near the road into Navopatia.  But heavy fog soddens nets, which will soak birds.  Deserts aren’t even vaguely warm before the sun is of sufficient height and this combination can kill.  Nothing makes a bander more upset than losing birds unnecessarily (except maybe cows walking through your expensive mist nets).  Life is always in the balance and I’m not unduly sentimental about natural death.  But being the hand that dealt or even a part of any operation where a mistake happens (this is very rare) is devastating.

Some people might have objections to handling birds, suggesting that it’s an unnecessary stress on birds and that we can learn through passive observation.  While I agree there is still plenty of extrapolation from point counts and area searches to be had, banding provides a massively in-depth look into the life of birds and accurate population samples.  According to USGS and the National Bird Banding Laboratory approximately 1.1 million birds were banded in 2001, with 689,019 being non-game birds.  Of those birds only 8057 were recovered and reported (ie found dead, collected for a museum, etc.).

Now I’m not saying 8,057 dead birds is completely trivial especially when they were all banded but this is only .1% of the total caught.  This also doesn’t mean banding was the  source of mortality.  More birds than that probably die but I’ve never seen any good evidence that responsible operations are a major stress on avian survivorship.  On the contrary the research of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) and Monitoreo de Sobrevivencia Invernal (MoSI, the program AWA bands for) lead to significant knowledge on population health.

Although I wanted to see some good banding action, vacation was still on the forefront of my mind.  Rising at a late 7:30AM and strolling to the banding site was just fine for me.  Because the capture rates were typically low, I wasn’t going to band anything myself anyway.  The experience of handling birds is magical and since it was at a premium, I knew the students/field workers were eager for as much as possible.  I decided I’d just join the bird paparazzi, photographing birds in the hand is tons of fun.

Simone and Oliver had gotten in late the night before, having traveled down with Oliver’s parents separately.  We weaved down the road, distracted by every little thing along the way.  It was already starting to heat up.

When we got to the banding tent, Mandy, one of the interns, already had a Streak-backed Oriole.  This was a bird I’d actually never seen before and although it was beautiful, it made me anxious to try to find one out of the hand (I’d eventually see a pair of them auspiciously close while sitting on the open air toilet in camp!).  Like many birds, you get a real grasp of actual size when their necks are clasped between your middle and pointer fingers.  Such colorful animals appear literally larger than life when they are drinking nectar from a Pitaya bloom.

A female Northern Cardinal came in shortly after, along with its cousin a female Pyrrhuloxia.  For congeners, their resemblance close up isn’t cut and dry.  A Pyrrhuloxia has its parrot-like orangish bill, giving them a subdued expression.  Cardinals (forgetting the obvious difference that males are painfully crimson in comparison to the only red highlighted male Pyrrholoxia) have a broader and longer pointed red bill.  The difference in bill size and shape eludes me because I know both are well adapted to crushing seeds and both have similar feeding habits.  A guess might be that the Pyrrhuloxia due to arid obligation uses the likely more fierce leverage of a parrot-like bill on thicker husked desert seeds and more heavily armored desert insects (making an assumption that desert seeds and insects layer against desiccation).  And maybe I am just exaggerating the differences of their bills.  I admit that in silhouette, these birds are almost inseparable.

More birds continued to come in.  It looked like this wasn’t a slow morning.  Another potential lifer, a Black-capped Gnatcatcher was quickly processed.  A bird that couldn’t be banded with AWA’s federal bands (because each state separately administers their populations), a female Gambel’s Quail got caught in the net.  Offering a unique looks at it’s captivating blood-red eye and extensive patterning a Cactus Wren was brought in.

The final bird before I decided to head back for breakfast (I’d already been feasting on leftover tamales from the night before) was a male Gila Woodpecker.  You could hear this bird from moment it came into earshot and the screaming didn’t cease till we released it.  Most people thought Adam was joking when he said he hated them but having banded plenty of talkative woodpeckers, I could relate.  Still I couldn’t help but admire the smooth cream-colored head and underside in comparison to a heavily pied topside.  A tarantula-hawk that had been following me around unnervingly had thankfully switched interest to this hysterical bird as it buzzed close.

In retrospect I am kicking myself for not joining the banding operations everyday during the trip. The MoSI program isn’t run like MAPS, whose banding stations I have worked in since high school.  They run pulses of 2-3 days in a row, with 16 nets set.  MAPS will typically make regular single day samples of various regional sites or a continuous period of banding in one location.  MoSI is essential because it connects data from breeding grounds in the US and Canada with wintering sites in the Neotropics.  Not understanding winter grounds would be very short-sighted considering that half of the bird the bread in temperate North America winter in Mexico and beyond.  This was a great opportunity to see birds I’d never handled before or even seen in the hand.  As soon as I left they caught a male Varied Bunting a bird exhibiting a glory of both structural and pigmented coloration.  The next day they had a Greater Roadrunner and Black and White Warblers!

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